Decreased lung cancer for U.S women

The rate of recent lung cancer cases among yank girls is finally commencing to decline, abundant because it has for men in for years, a new U.S. government report shows.

New cases of lung malignancies fell by a pair of.2 p.c per year on average for ladies between a pair of 2006 and 2008, when rising a median of zero.5 p.c between 1999 and 2006, in line with the U.S. Centers for Disease management and Prevention.

Men's lung cancer incidence continued its long, slow decline, the agency added, however the pace of that decline has sped up in recent years. New cases fell by a median of one.4 p.c per year between 1999 and 2006 however that accelerated to a drop of nearly three p.c per year by 2006-2008, the CDC said.

Between 1999 and 2008, declines in new lung cancer cases were seen among men in thirty five states, whereas the speed remained stable in 9 states. For women, six states -- California, Florida, Nevada, Oregon, Texas and Washington -- saw declines in lung cancer incidence throughout an equivalent time amount. Lung cancer rates for ladies remained stable in twenty four states and that they increased slightly in fourteen states, the CDC team found.

While the trends are heartening, a lot of has to be done to prevent the nation's darling cancer killer, said CDC Director Dr. Thomas R. Freiden. "Although lung cancer among men and girls has decreased over the past few years, too many folks still get sick and die from lung cancers, most of that are caused by smoking," he said in workplace news unharness. "The a lot of we tend to invest in proven tobacco management efforts, the less folks can die from lung cancer."

Declines in lung cancer rates appeared closely tied to the fading popularity of lighting up. The report's authors note that lung cancers fell fastest within the West, where smoking among each men and girls is lowest.

According to the reports' authors, sure moves by states perceived to lead to steeper declines in lung cancer cases. These included boosting tobacco costs, imposing one hundred pc smoke-free policies and creating quit-smoking resources accessible for folks motivated to quit.

Breast cancer treatment with Avastin unsafe

Ineffective Breast Cancer Treatment. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has counseled that the drug Avastin (bevacizumab) not be used to treat breast cancer, saying it's neither a secure nor effective weapon against the disease.

Though the choice is supported by several within the medical community, some doctors say Avastin ought to stay obtainable. Meanwhile, patients for whom the drug has proven effective are left wondering how this may have an effect on their prognosis.

The FDA’s recommendation doesn't impact Avastin’s use for different kinds of advanced cancer, like colon, lung, kidney and brain cancer. whereas doctors might still prescribe Avastin for breast cancer patients as an off-label use, insurance firms might not be ready to cowl it. this is able to leave patients desirous to continue treatment with an $8,000 a month out of pocket value tag.

After reviewing four clinical studies of Avastin in breast cancer patients, the FDA found that the drug doesn't prolong survival in breast cancer patients. They conjointly found that the advantages of Avastin didn't outweigh the risks. in keeping with their findings, the drug carries a big danger of aspect effects as well as severe hypertension, bleeding, hemorrhaging, heart attack, heart failure, and therefore the development of perforations within the nose, stomach, intestines and different areas of the body.

“Given the amount of great and life-threatening aspect effects, the FDA doesn't believe there's a good risk-to-benefit ratio,” said Richard Pazdur, M.D., the FDA's chief of cancer drug review. within the wake of the FDA’s ruling, the eu Medicines Agency announced on Thursday that Avastin would stay obtainable to breast cancer patients throughout the eu Union, however solely when taken together with another drug, Taxol (paclitaxel).

Neck Cancer Metastatic

Neck Cancer Metastatic cervical cancer is occurring as a result of the spread of cancer in other body parts.

CAUSE
Cervical lymph nodes is the spread of cancer from other body parts.
Cancer can originate from the pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), tonsils (tonsillitis), tongue base or the lung, prostate, breast, stomach, colon and kidney.

SYMPTOMS
Palpable lump in the neck.

DIAGNOSIS
Diagnosis based on symptoms and examination results of the following:
  • CT scan of the head, neck and chest
  • Laryngoscopy (examination of the larynx)
  • Bronchoscopy (examination of the bronchi)
  • Oesophagoscopy (examination of the esophagus)
  • Biopsy (removal of tissue samples to be examined microscopically)

TREATMENT
If cancer cells are found in the cervical lymph nodes are enlarged and the source of the cancer can not be found, then do radiation therapy to the pharynx, tonsils, tongue base and both sides of the neck.
Moreover, removal of lymph nodes and other tissues are exposed.
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Metastatic Liver Cancer

Metastatic liver cancer are tumors that have spread to the liver from other parts of the body.

CAUSE
Metastatic malignant tumors usually originate from lung, breast, colon, pancreas and stomach.

Leukemia and other blood cell cancers (eg lymphoma), may also spread to the liver.

Sometimes the discovery of metastatic liver tumor is an indication of other cancers in patients.

SYMPTOMS
Early symptoms are often in the form of weight loss and reduced appetite.

Liver becomes large, hard and blunt.

Fever may also occur.

Sometimes the spleen is also enlarged, especially if derived from pancreatic cancer.

Stretched abdominal cavity, because filled with fluid (ascites).

If it does not clog the bile duct cancer, there is no jaundice or jaundice are mild.
In a few weeks before the patient died, the jaundice will get worse.
Patients also will lose consciousness and drowsy because of toxins that accumulate in the brain (hepatic encephalopathy).

DIAGNOSIS
At end-stage, metastatic liver cancer will be more easily diagnosed when compared with early-stage cancer.

Ultrasound, CT scan and MRI can indicate the presence of liver cancer, but not always able to find small tumors or to distinguish a tumor from cirrhosis and other diseases.

Tumors often cause abnormal liver function, which can be known from examination of blood.

Liver biopsy can confirm the diagnosis in approximately 75% of cases.
To help get cancer of the liver tissue, can be guided by ultrasound or laparoscopy.

TREATMENT
Depending on the type, anti-cancer drugs can temporarily reduce tumor size and extend survival, but does not cure the cancer completely.

Anti-cancer drugs can be injected into the hepatic artery, which would drain the drug in high concentrations directly to cancer cells in the liver.
This technique is more possible to shrink tumors and cause fewer side effects, but has not been shown to prolong survival.

Radiation therapy (radiation) can sometimes reduce the severe pain, but not very effective.

If it is found only one tumor, can be removed surgically, especially if derived from colon cancer.

For widespread cancer, can do is reduce the symptoms it causes.

Causes and Symptoms Uterus Cancer

Uterus Cancer is a malignant tumor of the endometrium (lining of the uterus).

Cervical cancer usually occurs after menopause, most often in women aged 50-60 epidemic.
Cancer can spread (metastases) locally and to various parts of the body (eg cervical canal, fallopian tubes, ovaries, the area around the uterus, the lymph system or to other body parts through the blood vessels).

CAUSE

The cause is not known for sure, but it seems that this disease involves an increase in estrogen levels.
One of the normal function of estrogen is to stimulate the formation of the epithelial lining of the uterus. Large amounts of estrogen are injected to animals in laboratory experiments lead to endometrial hyperplasia and cancer.

Women who suffer from cervical cancer appear to have certain risk factors. (Risk factor is something that causes someone to suffer from the increasing likelihood of a disease).
Women who have risk factors do not always suffer from cervical cancer, whereas many patients with ovarian cancer have no risk factors. Sometimes it can not be explained why a woman has cervical cancer while women who do not.

Research has found several risk factors in cervical cancer:
  1. Age
  2. Uterine Cancer menyeranga especially women aged 50 years and older
  3. Endometrial hyperplasia
    Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
    HRT is used to treat symptoms of menopause, prevent osteoporosis and reduce the risk of heart disease or stroke.
    Women who take estrogen without progesterone have a higher risk. The use of high dose estrogen and long term seems to heighten this risk.
    Women who take estrogen and progesterone have a lower risk because progesterone protects the uterus.
  4. Obesity
    The body makes some estrogen in fatty tissue so that obese women have higher estrogen levels. High levels of estrogen is the cause of the increased risk of cervical cancer in obese women.
  5. Diabetes
  6. Hypertension (high blood pressure)
  7. Tamoxifen
    Women who take tamoxifen to prevent or treat breast cancer have a higher risk. This risk appears to be related to the estrogen-like effects of tamoxifen on the uterus.
    Gains derived from tamoxifen outweigh the risk of other cancers, but every woman reacts differently.
  8. Race
    Cervical cancer is more common in white women.
  9. Colorectal Cancer
  10. Menarche (first menstruation) before age 12 years
  11. Menopause after age 52 years
  12. Not having children
  13. Sterility
  14. Ovarian disease polikista
  15. Endometrial polyps
 

SYMPTOMS

Symptoms can include:

1. Abnormal uterine bleeding
2. Abnormal menstrual cycles
3. Bleeding between the two menstrual cycle (in women who still menstruate)
4. Vaginal bleeding or spotting in postmenopausal women
5. Bleeding is very long, heavy and often (in women aged over 40 years)
6. Lower abdominal pain or pelvic cramping
7. White discharge is watery or clear (in postmenopausal women)
8. Pain or difficulty in urination
9. Pain during sexual intercourse.
 
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