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Hypertension is an increase in blood pressure in the arteries.In general, hypertension is a condition without symptoms, in which abnormally high pressure in the arteries increases the risk for stroke, aneurysm, heart failure, heart attack and kidney damage.
On examination the blood pressure will get two numbers. higher rates obtained when the heart contracts (systolic), lower figure obtained when the heart relaxes (diastolic). Blood pressure is written as systolic slash diastolic pressure, for example 120/80 mmHg, read a hundred and twenty and eighty. It said high blood pressure if at the time sitting systolic pressure to 140 mmHg or more, or diastolic pressure reaches 90 mmHg or more, or both. In high blood pressure, usually there is an increase systolic and diastolic pressure.
In isolated...
Coronary Artery / Heart Disease
Coronary artery disease / coronary heart disease is characterized by fatty deposits that gather in the cells lining the wall of a coronary artery and block blood flow.
Fatty deposits (atheroma or plaque) formed gradually and spread over a large divergence of the two main coronary arteries, which sorrounds the heart and provide blood to the heart. Atheroma formation process is called atherosclerosis.
Can atheroma protruding into the artery and causes the arteries to narrow. If atheroma growing part of the atheroma may break and enter into the bloodstream or blood clot may form on the surface of the atheroma.
To be able to contract and pump normally, the heart muscle (myocardium) requeires a supply of oxygen-rich blood from the coronary artery. If a coronary artery blockage gets worse, it could...
Mesothelioma Treatment by Photodynamic Therapy
Several experimental therapies are currently being conducted for treatment of mesothelioma cancer, one of the most promising is a technique called photodynamic therapy (PDT).
Mesothelioma or asbestos cancer commonly called, is a cancer that is very aggressive and deadly, this disease affects the lining the chest (pleural mesothelioma) and the abdominal cavity (peritoneal mesothelioma), generally less responsive to traditional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation. A number of other treatments, such as gene therapy, immunotherapy and alternative approaches may provide hope for cancer sufferers mesotheliomas.
Photodynamic therapy is one type of masothelioma treatment is very promising future. This method combines three separate elements that is nontoxic, photosensitizing...
Factor Affecting the Prognosis of Mesothelioma
Mesothelioma is generally not diagnosed until late stages of development. In addition, symptoms of mesothelioma are very common and often resemble less serious conditions, which may make it difficult in diagnosing cancer. As a result, the prognosis for the majority of patients is lacking, but many doctors may recommend mesothelioma treatment options such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiation to help fight the disease.
Mesothelioma cancer, there are several stages, starting from stage one to stage four. Unfortunately, once the mesothelioma cancer has reached stage three or four, not only treatment options become more limited, but is less effective as well.
In addition to cancer stage and patient age, other factors that affect prognosis include:Types of mesothelioma - pleural mesothelioma,...
Symptoms of Mesothelioma Cancer
Malignancy that involves the mesothelial cells of the human body, including the pleura, peritoneum, pericardium, and testis, known as malignant mesothelioma, either local or diffuse. Most, but not all, cases of malignant mesothelioma in the pleural (lung cancer) is usually associated with exposure to asbestos. Patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma, 77% had been exposed to asbestos in the past. Diagnosis of mesothelioma is diffucult to enforce because of the results of the analysis of pleural fluid from cancer was usually not diagnostic. Mesothelioma is more common in males than females and it occurs most often in the fifth decade of age until the 7th decade. Most cases (about 90%) of malignant mesothelioma in the pleura.
From the histological picture there are 3 types of mesothelioma...
Anemia caused by chronic disease
Chronic disease often causes anemia, especially in geriatric patients. Circumstances such as infection, inflammation and cancer, suppress the formation of red blood cells in bone marrow.
Because iron stores in the bone can not be used by new red blood cells, it is often called anemia re-use iron.
CauseIn all patients, infections (even a mild infection) and inflammation (eg arthritis and tendinitis) inhibits the formation of red blood cells in bone marrow, so the number of red blood cells decreases. But the new situation will lead to anemia if it is severe or lasts for a long time (chronic).
SymptomsBecause this type of anemia develops slowly and is usually mild, anemia is usually not cause symptoms. If symptoms develop, usually the result of disease, not because anemia.
DiagnosisLaboratory...
Anemia caused by vitamin C deficiency
Anemia caused by vitamin C deficiency is a rare type of anemia, caused by severe deficiency of vitamin C in the long term.
Cause Cause of vitamin C deficiency ia usually a lack of vitamin C intake in daily diet.
Vitamin C is found in green peppers, citrus fruits (orange, lemons), strawberrie, tomatoes, broccoli, turnip green and other green vegetables and watermelons. One function of vitamin C is to help absorption of iron, so if there is deficiency of vitamin C, then the amount of iron absorbed will be reduced and can cause anemia.
Vitamin C should be consumed every day, because it is not fat soluble so it can not be stored for future use. Vitamin C is water-soluble vitamin, because it will be removed from the body regularly through the urine.
SymptomsAnemia caused fatigue, weakness,...
Caused Deficiency Anemia Folic Acid
Anemia caused by folic acid deficiency is megaloblastic anemia caused by folic acid deficiency.
Folic acid is a vitamin found in raw vegetables, fresh fruit and meat, but the cooking process usually can destroy this vitamin. Because the body only stores of folic acid in small amount, then a few foods that contain folic acid, will cause deficiency of folic acid in a few months.
CauseFolic Acid deficiency occurs in :Folic acid deficiency is more common in the West compared with vitamin B-12 deficiency, because there are not enough people who eat raw leafy vegetables.
Patients with small bowel disease, particularly Crohn's disease and sprue, because folic acid absorption interference.
Certain anti-seizure medication and birth control pills, because it reduces th absorption of folic...
Anemia Caused by Vitamin B-12 Deficiency
Anemia caused by vitamin B-12 deficiency (pernicous anemia) is a megaloblastic anemia caused by vitamin B-12 deficiency.
In addition to iron, bone marrow requires vitamin B-12 and folic acid to produce red blood cells. If lack of one of them, megaloblastic anemia can accur.
In this type of anemia, the bone marrow to produce red blood cells are large and abnormal (megaloblas). White blood cells and platelets are also usually abnormal.
Megaloblastic anemia is most often caused by a deficiency of vitamin B-12 and folic acid in foods or the inability to absorb the vitamin. Sometimes anemia is caused by certain medicines used to treat cancer (eg methotrexate, hydroxyurea, fluorouracil and cytarabin...
Anemia Caused by Iron Deficiency
Anemia caused by iron deficiency is a condition where red blood cells or hemoglobin (the protein that carries oxygen) in blood cells is below normal, which is caused by iron deficiency.
Some nutrients are needed in the formation of red blood cells. The most important are iron, vitamin B-12 and folic acid, but the body also needs small amounts of vitamin C, riboflavin and copper as well as hormonal balance, especially erythropoitin (a hormone that stimulates red blood cell formation).
Without these nutrients and hormones, red blood cell formation will be slow and inadequate, and the cell can have different shapes and unable to carry oxygen properly. Chronic diseases also can cause a reduction in red blood cell formation.
Normal intake of iron ussually can not replace iron loss due to chronic...
Prevention Anemia
Many types of anemia can not be prevented. However, you can help prevent iron deficiency anemia and vitamin anemia by eating a healthy, varied diet, including :
Iron. The best sources of iron are beef and other meats. Other foods rich in iron, include beans, lentils, iron fortified cereals, dark green leafy vegetables, dried fruits, peanut butter and nuts.
Folate. These nutrients, and synthetic form, folic acid, can be found in orange juice and fruit, banana, dark green leafy vegetables, peas and fortified breads, cereals and pasta.
Vitamin B-12. This vitamin is a lot of meat and dairy products.
Vitamin C. Foods that contain vitamin C, like oranges, melons and berries, help increase iron absorption.
Eat plenty of foods containing iron are very important for people who have high iron requirements,...
Anemia Treatment
Treatment of anemia depends on the cause :
Iron deficiency anemia. Form of anemia is treated with iron supplements, which you have to drink for several months or more. If the cause of iron deficiency blood loss other than from menstruation the source of bleeding should be identified and stopped. This may involve surgery.
Vitamin deficiency anemia. Pernicious anemia treated with injections often lifetime injection of vitamin B-12. Folic acid deficiency anemia treated with folic acid supplements.
Anemia of chronic disease. There is no specific treatment for this type of anemia. Doctors focus on treating the underlying disease. Iron supplements and vitamin generally do not help this type of anemia. However, if symptoms become severe, blood transfusions or injections of synthetic erythropoietin,...
Symptoms and Diagnosis of Anemia
Symptoms AnemiaThe symtomps are caused by insufficient oxygen supply to these needs, vary. Anemia can cause fatigue, weakness, lack of energy and the head was floating.
If the anemia gets worse, can cause a stroke or heart attack.
Anemia DiagnosisSimple blood tests can determine the presence of anemia. The percentage of red blood rail in total blood volume (Hematocrit) and the amount of hemoglobin in a blood sample can be determined.
Inspection is part of complete blood count (CBC)....
Anemia
Anemia ia a condition where the number f red blood cells or amount of hemoglobin (oxygen carrying protein) in red blood cells is below normal.
Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which enable them to carry from the lungs and deliver them to all parts of the body.
Anemia causes the reduced number of the red blood cells or amount of hemoglobin in red blood cells, so that blood can not transport oxygen as required in the amount of the body.
CauseA common cause of anemia :Heavy bleedingAcute (sudden)
Accident
Surgery
Maternity
Broken blood vessels
Chronic
Bleeding nose
Hemorrhoids
Peptic ulcer
Cancer or polyp in the digestive tract
Kidney or bladder tumors
Menstrual bleeding
Reduced red blood cell formationIron deficiency
Lack of vitamin B12
Lack of folic acid
Lack of vitamin C
Chronic...
Cancer Symptoms
PainfulCancer is usually not painful at first. With the development of their first symptoms is often a mild discomfort, which can be quite severe pain can be increased as the enlargement of cancer. The pain can occur from pressure or erosion cancer into nerves or other structures. Nevertheless, not all cancer causing severe pain. In the same way, the lack of pain does not guarantee that the cancer does not develop or spread.
BleedingInitially, the cancer can be a little bleeding because the cell does not stick well to each other and fragile blood vessels. Then, as the enlargement of the cancer and attack the tissue around, this could develop into a blood vessel in the vicinity, causing bleeding. The bleeding may be mild and not detected or can be detected only by tests. As is often the case...
Immunotherapy Cancer
Immunotherapy is used to stimulate the immune system against cancer. For example, a vaccine consisting of antigens derived from tumor cells can increase the body's function on antibodies or immune cells (lympiosit). Extracts inactivated tuberculosis bacteria, which are known to boost immune response, has been successful when instilled into bladder to prevent recurrence of bladder tumors.
Monoclonal antibody therapy requires the use of antibodies produced experimentally to make special proteins on the surface of cancer cells as targets. Thrastuzumab is one of the antibodies, which attack the HER-2/neu receptor is present on the surface of cancer cells in 25% of women with breast cancer. Trastuzumab enhances the effect of chemotherapy drugs. Rituximab is an effective treatment for lymphomas...
Cancer Prevention
Reduce the risk of certain cancers may be through changes in diet and other lifestyle. How risk can be reduces depending on the specifics of cancer. Tobacco use is directly linked to one third of all cancers. Not smoking and avoiding contact with tobacco smoke can greatly reduce the risk of lung cancer, kidney, bladder, and head and neck. Avoiding the use of smokeless tobacco (sniffing, chewing) to reduce the risk of cancer of the mouth and tongue.
Other lifestyle changes to reduce the risk of some cancers. Reducing alcohol intake may reduce the risk of head and neck cancer, liver, and esophagus. Reduce intake of fat in the diet appears to reduce the risk of breast and colon cancer. Avoiding sun exposure (especially during the day) can reduce the risk of skin cancer. Protect exposed skin and...